In previous publications, we have already addressed this topic, see the article Interfacing ROXTON equipment with the regional automated centralized warning system RASTSO.
The article brought to your attention continues the conversation that has begun. It talks quite simply, accessiblely and with specific examples about a very difficult but relevant topic - emergency warning systems.
Man-made threats, in particular fires, have always existed. But in conditions of urbanization, fires that occur in crowded places are especially terrible. In addition, at hazardous enterprises there are explosion threats, and natural threats are also common. The likelihood of these threats occurring requires a set of measures that increase the safety of people located at such facilities, as well as the population living in the surrounding areas.
The most effective measure to minimize harm from these threats is to warn people in a timely manner and give them a chance to make the necessary decisions regarding both their own evacuation and helping other people. In turn, the most effective warning is the broadcast of special texts or a siren. The effectiveness of the siren can be questioned. Its inclusion can be interpreted as a test of functionality, but the transfer of meaningful textual information seems to be a more serious undertaking. The transmission (broadcast) of such information is carried out by warning systems.
What warning systems exist and how can they be classified?
Alert systems (SA) have a wide range of applications, but the most common are two types of systems: fire alarm systems, called SOUE, and emergency alert systems (ES), which have different names (see below). If the risks are sufficiently high, so-called buildings are built in these areas. automatic warning systems (ASO), sometimes called emergency systems. Today, a separate area of application of CO is the transport sector. Each application area has its own regulatory basis. An elementary classification based on the above is presented in Fig. 1.
Fig. 1 - Classification of emergency warning systems
The name “emergency” (in Western terminology such systems are called ALARM SYSTEMS) CO indicates the specifics of their application, however, these same systems can also be used for peaceful purposes, for example, for broadcasting background music and advertising, which is a completely acceptable phenomenon. Emergency systems are, of course, used in the event of emergency notification (ES).
Regardless of the area of application, RM can be classified:
- By type of communication channel used (wired and wireless)
- By interaction level (local, protocol, network)
- By type of control (local, centralized)
- By technology used (digital or processor, digital-to-analog or microprocessor and analog)
- By coordination method (contact and program levels or technology-based).
What are the features of emergency warning systems?
SOs are intermediaries between any means of automation (monitoring and management systems) and humans. Emergency reports are aimed at increasing the level of safety of people by providing them with the necessary information. But this is not enough. To prevent the spread of the threat, the forces - the management and security services of the protected facility, as well as the leadership (authorities) of the adjacent territories - must also be informed. The elementary structure of the centralized warning system can be depicted as follows, Fig. 2:
Fig. 2 - Classification of emergency warning systems
Fig. 2 - Elementary structure of the centralized warning system.
In general, an emergency response system is a system for alerting the population and authorities about natural or man-made emergencies that threaten the life and health of the population. The Emergency Response Team is a complex of forces and technical means that ensure the dissemination of information:
- To authorities in the form of notices
- To the population in the form of messages.
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